To get the most out of our PIC Tutorial, you should read this page first. Here i will explain the structure of the tutorial pages and the program files, so that you will not get confused.

Each tutorial consists of four basic parts:

This is the very first part. The prologue and a quick description of the tutorial, as well as the purpose of it, are written within the first lines. At the top-right corner there is a photo of the circuit. A video is also attached that demonstrates the tutorial in operation.

The next part is the circuit. This is where the schematic drawing is attached, and -if necessary- explained.

The third part is the code. There is a code window with the code to be explained. Please note that in this window, there is ONLY THE IMPORTANT CODE for this tutorial. The rest of the code can be found to the attached files, at the fourth and last part of each tutorial.

The reason that i chose to show only a part of the code is obvious. A complete PIC program consists of several initialization instructions, subroutines and other stuff. But the goal of each tutorial is not to explain the complete program structure each time. The goal is to explain a specific routine, function or instruction. The rest of the code shall be ignored for the moment and will not be discussed. As the level rises, more and more code will be explained. At the end, each and every line of a PIC program will be explained in details.

Of course, the complete code is attached at the 4^th part of the tutorial.

This is the last part of the tutorials. Here you can find all the files of the program. You can extract the zip file into a directory and directly compile-upload the code to a PIC.

I have tried to keep a unified structure for all the tutorials within this book. All tutorials comes in .zip packages. Within the zip container, you will find the following files:

All tutorials will have a unique .asm file. This is the main code file. Within this file you will find the complete assembly listing of the tutorial.

All tutorials will have the header file 'P16F88.INC' included. This file is the Microchip header file for the 16F88 PIC. You should use the one provided from the tutorials and NOT the one from Microchip, because i have add some more macros to make our life easier. If you do not use the same as i do, it is most likely that the program will not be compiled properly

All tutorials will have the header file 'init_normal.inc' included. This file contain some instructions for initializing some PIC operations, such as the oscillation frequency. This file should not be taken into account unless you are asked. All functions will be explained from time to time.

It is most likely that a delay routine needs to be used from a tutorial. For this, i have made a separated header file named 'mSecDelays4MHz.inc'. This file holds a parametric delay routine for 4MHz clocked PIC. During the main code, you may see calls to these subroutines. A call to a 10mSec delay subroutine would be ''.



Call Wait10mSec



If you are a beginner, i encourage you to use this file. You can make your own subroutines for your custom time-delays. There will be a complete lesson for calculating and generating custom delays, but until then, these subroutines will be used extensively.

After explaining the files that exist within the container, i will explain the parts that the main assembly listing file (.asm) has:

At the very beginning of each .asm file, you will find a similar code to the following one:



 list       F=inhx8m, P=16F88, R=hex, N=0
#include  P16F88.inc; PIC definitions
 __config _config1,_INTRC_IO & _WDT_OFF & _LVP_OFF & _PWRTE_OFF & _MCLR_ON & _BODEN_ON & _LVP_OFF & _CPD_OFF & _WRT_PROTECT_OFF & _CCP1_RB0 & _CP_OFF
 __config _config2,_IESO_OFF & _FCMEN_OFF 
 Errorlevel -302      ; switches off Message [302]: Register in operand not in bank 0.



The above code should be used as-is. First, It contain information about the assembly listing. Then, the PIC16F88 header file is included into the code. The __config lines will set the configuration bits of the PIC (explained in later pages). Finally, the 302 annoying message is turned off from the compiles.

Within this section, i will add some custom definitions for some registers that are going to be extensively used within the code. If for example i have connect a button in PORTA,0 pin, i could define a name for this pin as follows:



; Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------
#Define	ButtonInput			PORTA,0



Now i can refer to PORTA,0 pin by using its defined name 'ButtonInput'.

To use the free RAM of the PIC, the user defined registers must be declared. I do this within this section. I use the cblock/endc method to define my registers. An example is as follows:



; RAM preserved -----------------------------------------------------------
	cblock 0x20
		WaitCounter,WaitCounter2
		IntervalCounter
	endc



Now i can refer to PORTA,0 pin by using its defined name 'ButtonInput'.

Many times, i use constants for declaring values. I do this for parametrization reasons. The constants are named values that cannot be changed during program execution. An example is as follows:



; Conastants --------------------------------------------------------------
GLDoubleClick_Interval	=	d'15'
GLDoubleClick_MaxDelay	=	d'30'
GLLongClick_Interval	=	d'80'



Now, i can load the value d'15' by referring to it's name: movlw GLDoubleClick_Interval.

When the program starts, there are some things to be done. At first, we need to define the offset of the program, that is the 0x00. Then, we need to declare the Interrupt Service Routine at address 0x04. Then we call the initialization routine. All these steps are done within the beginning of the program. A typical program start is as follows:



; Program Memory ----------------------------------------------------------
                org     0               ; Main program offset
                goto    Init            ; Jump to initialization routine
; Interrupt Service Routine -----------------------------------------------
                org     4               ; ISR beginning
; -------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Microcontroller initialization
Init            
				include Init_normal.inc	;Include the PIC Initialization routine
;##########################################################################



Now, everything is ready for the main programm!

Finally, here comes the main program. Here is placed the code that you can find in the code-window of each tutorial. You can use the tutorial files as templates, and by altering the main code, you can make your own programs! At the end of the main program, there are the inclusions of any external header files (such as the delay subroutines from the 'mSecDelays4MHz.INC' file), and the label 'Fins'. This label (from the ford Finish) shows the end of the program. This label may be omitted, but i always use it, and when i want to terminate the program, i run a GOTO instruction to this label ('GOTO Fins'). You should ALWAYS have the 'End' directive at the end of the main .asm file! This is how the file should look like:



;##########################################################################

; Main Program ------------------------------------------------------------

Start
                .
                .
                .
                [ HERE IS THE MAIN CODE ]
                .
                .
                .


		include mSecDelays4MHz.inc

Fins            
                end             ; end of program







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Previous page ---- Next page

Basics       What will you need       Choosing the right PICThe MPLAB       Getting familiar with the MPLAB environment       Creating a new project       Open and close projects       Creating new files and including them in the project       Your very first assembly program       Compile a program and transfer to the PICSection 1: Beginner's theoryMemory Organization       The Data Memory Organization       The Program Memory OrganizationThe instructions       General knowledge about instructions       Value Loading Instructions       Program Flow Instructions       Mathematic Instructions       Logic Function Instructions       Bit Orientated Instructions       Byte Orientated Instructions       Miscellaneous InstructionsThe Basic Special Function Registers       The Status Register       The Option_Reg Register       The TRIS and PORT registersBeginner's PIC Tutorials       How to use our PIC Tutorials       A Pushbutton turning an LED on and off       A Simple LED Flasher       Interfacing Multiple Switches - The internal Pull-Up resistors       An LED Sequencer       Interface a Single 7seg Digit       Interface Multiple 7seg Digits       A 3-digits Decimal Counter       A Clever ButtonSection 2: Intermediate theory       Instruction Cycle Duration and Calculated Delays       The Timer Modules - Timer0       The Timer Modules - Timer1       The Timer Modules-Timer2

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At 20 August 2015, 17:18:30 user Hassaan wrote:   [reply @ Hassaan] It gives the basic ideas. At 18 May 2011, 3:11:08 user hadi A. Khalifa wrote:   [reply @ hadi A. Khalifa] Thanks Alot Very usefull and execellent way to teach the basics of PIC Congratulation








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