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17 December 2009 Author: Giorgos Lazaridis Digital Caliper Protocol
Intro
This is yet another interesting experiment that took place in the PCB Heaven techlabs these days. This experiment has to do with the digital caliper protocols. These calipers have a communication port for interfacing with a PC or other supported devices. As far as i know, there are basically 3 types of protocols for interfacing them. The first one is the Digimatic from Mitutoyo. The other two protocols are both for the Chinese calipers. To distinguish them, we will name them Chinese-BCD and Chinese-Binary protocols. The BCD and Binary suffixes comes from the way that the data are being transmitted.
Because the Chinese calipers are ridiculously cheap, i experimented with two calipers covering both the Chinese-BCD and the Chinese-Serial protocol. You can see the experiments here:
As far as the Digimatic protocol is concerned, i have not yet done any experiment. Instead, you can see the full documetnation of this protocol from the following file. This is a complete 52-bit protocol that is being transmitted only upon request (handshake), and the data comes in BCD nibbles:
Relative pages
Learn how the PS2 keyboard protocol worksRe-use and/or extend your molex connectorsLearning PICs @ PCB Heaven On-Line Book
Comments
At 17 September 2015, 19:29:11 user Steve Spence wrote: [reply @ Steve Spence]I have successfully interfaced the Mitutoyo 52 bit protocol to an arduino (Don Lancaster's stuff was wrong),
http://www.instructables.com/id/Interfacing-a-Digital-Micrometer-to-a-Microcontrol/
But the pinout on the Igaging SPC (Origin series) is a question.
At 11 July 2015, 20:03:04 user ETH wrote: [reply @ ETH]Does anybody know a workaround for the caliper turning off after 256seconds of the same reading?
At 24 November 2013, 8:50:54 user mayank wrote: [reply @ mayank]hello sir,
i want a circuit diagram for a digital caliper bcoz with your help i complete my project best...
At 14 January 2013, 23:07:51 user gbmhunter wrote: [reply @ gbmhunter]Thanks for this info! Always wondered what those exposed pins on calipers were for.
And BTW, nicely laid out information/oscilloscope screenshots!
At 11 October 2012, 5:46:23 user Giorgos Lazaridis wrote: [reply @ Giorgos Lazaridis]@Promothkumar probably you have the oscilloscope triggering wrong. You have to set the oscilloscope to trigger on the first pulse or something like that
At 9 October 2012, 15:30:49 user Promothkumar wrote: [reply @ Promothkumar]Hai,
I have a mahr vernier I need to check clock and data pulse as u told above, so I connected clock pin and ground pin with Digital oscilloscope I got 2.8 volts continues DC supply I did't get out put like you told in above. can you please explain how to connect verniers pin into oscilloscope. I connected clock pin to positive terminal of oscilloscope and ground to ground pin of the oscilloscope. Is this correct.....?
At 1 October 2012, 6:23:18 user Giorgos Lazaridis wrote: [reply @ Giorgos Lazaridis]@Promothkumar the code seems to be assembly indeed, but it is missing the enter character at the end of the lines. probably you have to put it yourself...
At 1 October 2012, 1:49:47 user Promothkumar wrote: [reply @ Promothkumar]The complete source code fount at http:www.tinaja/text/digi232.asm I can't understand this code and by using MPLAB i can't able to create .Hex file of this code. I thought that code as in assembly language.
At 30 September 2012, 17:46:56 user Giorgos Lazaridis wrote: [reply @ Giorgos Lazaridis]@Promothkumar where is the code? i dont see it!
At 30 September 2012, 17:38:41 user Promothkumar wrote: [reply @ Promothkumar]Thank you Giorgos Lazaridis, And one more doubt,
I am using MPLAB only but for that code i can't able to create a .Hex file can you please tell me how to create a .Hex file for that code which they are given for 16F84 micro controller in this website.
http://www.tinaja.com/glib/muse145.pdf
your experiment is too good sir, it is very helpful for my project.
At 29 September 2012, 16:34:46 user Giorgos Lazaridis wrote: [reply @ Giorgos Lazaridis]@Promothkumar It is a PIC16F84 (you may wannt go into a PIC16F88 because 84 is very old, hard to find and expensive). Any PIC programmer will do just fine. Use MPLAB as programming software
At 29 September 2012, 15:28:05 user Promothkumar wrote: [reply @ Promothkumar]Hello sir
Information about chaines caliper what you are given in about is super sir it is very use full to me thank you sir.
I am doing project in conversion of digimatic out put of chaines caliper into RS232 format. I got on circuit diagram from this website http://www.tinaja.com/glib/muse145.pdf but I need to code in that particular micro controller which they given in that circuit, they given code also but I dont know which tool they are using in that code can you help me for that coding part.
At 20 August 2012, 12:11:17 user Giorgos Lazaridis wrote: [reply @ Giorgos Lazaridis]@V.Vennishmuthu I'm sorry i dont do circuits on demand.
At 20 August 2012, 8:36:03 user V.Vennishmuthu wrote: [reply @ V.Vennishmuthu]Hello sir
I have a mitutoyo vernier caliper with IDC10 femal cable. Now I want to convert these digimatic out put into RS232 protocol and get these datas through hyperterminal option in windows xp. Can you tell me the circuit and program for that and also tell me step by step procedure for that. Thanks in advance.
At 2 March 2012, 10:30:16 user Hans U. Meyer wrote: [reply @ Hans U. Meyer]Here's why the Chinese Caliper's binary output is not to scale: I designed it for Sylvac in 1982, when the small number of on-chip transistors limited the options. Hence a scale pitch of 5.08mm=0.2inch, easy to subdivide in both metric and inch with serial binary (LSB first) arithmetic logic. The same logic also calculated the serial BCD output in mm or inch for the display. The serial binary signal, common to both units, was output as an afterthought: only few people wanted it, to which Sylvac simply sold binary-to-BCD-to-RS232 adapters.
Chinese calipers use very, very similar chips (and that's an understatement). One foundry must have modified it to output BCD instead, I think it's the ones Aldi sold in Germany. The display switch-off feature was added as a gimmick by others, as obviously there is a sucker born every minute (good marketing!).
The moral of the story: have fun cutting jaws of Chinese calipers and selling homemade DRO kits to the DIY market! As for me, I've been there, done that, and moved on a long time ago. Calipers from Sylvac and other manufacturers (including Chinese ones) are now inductive (insensitive to coolant) and have an RS232 output with galvanic separation. Talking about this, those old directly coupled 1.5 volt interfaces are very sensitive to ESD and ground loops; I wouldn't want them on a machine tool.
That's all for now.
At 12 June 2011, 21:15:16 user Boris wrote: [reply @ Boris]Hello. I want to read this data by PIC16F887. What is a better way to do this?
At 14 February 2010, 3:20:54 user Philip Freidin wrote: [reply @ Philip Freidin]"Have you ever bought from this site? "
Yes, I bought about $70 worth of stuff from them 2 weeks ago.
Some RTC (the model I suggested to you) and some high voltage supplies
for a Nixie project I am doing. For products that are basically just
to support hobby users, their documentation is very professional.
As both his company and I are in California, the shipping time was
only 2 days. Ordered Tuesday, order acknowledged Wednesday, shipped
on Thursday, received Saturday. Obviously will take longer to ship
to Greece. Just ask questions via the Contact page.
At 13 February 2010, 21:18:49 user Kammenos wrote: [reply @ Kammenos]The RTC modules looks nice, and the battery lifetime is also brilliant. Have you ever bought from this site? They use paypal cart, i suppose it is secure.
At 13 February 2010, 21:06:16 user Philip Freidin wrote: [reply @ Philip Freidin]"But for my application, i will use external power to either power the LCD or the micro that will convert to RS232. The same power will be used to power the caliper - that will no longer rely on batteries."
In that case, a normal NPN transistor, driven through maybe a 10K base resistor would be a good starting point for your experimentation.
"I will need your suggestions for a clock that i think of making, that will rely on batteries when the mains is out (this happens quite often here in Greece)"
For battery backed up clocks, have a look here:
http://www.tayloredge.com/storefront/SmartNixie/index.html
at the 1362 or 1374 modules.
At 13 February 2010, 11:24:23 user Kammenos wrote: [reply @ Kammenos]Oh, now it makes sense. But for my application, i will use external power to either power the LCD or the micro that will convert to RS232. The same power will be used to power the caliper - that will no longer rely on batteries.
Actually, i will attach one caliper (liner) to the spindle of a carpenter's router, to measure the height of the cutter. I will not have any problem with the power supply. I will need your suggestions for a clock that i think of making, that will rely on batteries when the mains is out (this happens quite often here in Geece)
At 13 February 2010, 11:15:13 user Philip Freidin wrote: [reply @ Philip Freidin]There are two issues. How much power is drawn from the caliper to
drive the level shifter, and how much power the level shifter draws from the system it is connected to.
The caliper battery has very limited power, so if you don't want to
affect the caliper battery life much, you need a CMOS type load.
For example, a CMOS chip, or the gate of a FET.
So a FET transistor might work, although you will need very low Vgs.
Maybe something like a 2N7000 or 2N7002.
If you use a NPN (or PNP) transistor to sense the caliper output, it
is easy to make it work with the voltage swing from the caliper, but
it will draw power that is many times the normal caliper power
consumption.
The suggested chips are designed specifically for these voltage
ranges. In my application, I also care about the current consumption
of the system my caliper is connecting to (it also has a very small
battery), and the suggested chips have an idle current of 0.5 uA.
Of course, if you can find a microprocessor for which 1.4V is an
acceptable level for logic high, then that would be a good solution.
Most micros use VSS*0.7 for logic high, so a processor that runs at
5V needs at least 3.5V. A processor that runs at 3.3V needs 2.3V .
This is why I mentioned that the caliper output at 1.5 for logic
high would be a problem.
At 13 February 2010, 10:43:57 user Kammenos wrote: [reply @ Kammenos]Silicon Valley... nice place to work...
For the voltage shifting, i thought of using simple transistors. You think there will be a problem?
At 13 February 2010, 10:32:38 user Philip Freidin wrote: [reply @ Philip Freidin]Hi Kammenos,
I understand your comments about secrets. I work in Silicon Valley,
mostly for big chip companies. Lots of secrets, lots of re-inventing
of the wheel. In my hobby work though, I try and help others if I
can, and hope others will help me.
As for averaging of the readings, you must calculate the averages of
the full 24 bit numbers (as I did in my prior explanation), not just
the low 3 bits. This is because the rest of the bits can be affected
by the low 3 bits as it rolls back and forth over the major transition
from 111 to 000.
My current project (started 5 years ago, but been on hold for last
4 years) involves reading data from calipers (obviously). As the
voltage levels from the caliper are 0 to 1.5 volt, you may have problems interfacing them to a microcontroller, as the logic high
may not be high enough. May I suggest that you consider the following
parts to do level shifting (that's what I use): sn74AUP1T57 or 58.
These can shift the caliper signals to 0 to 3.3V signals.
All the best,
Philip
At 13 February 2010, 8:14:09 user Kammenos wrote: [reply @ Kammenos]Fist of all Philip, thank you for the links. Zero and Mode button! Of course!
It looks like you've done quite a nice job yourself! Where i live (Greece), people hide their so called "Secrets" from their discoveries. Not to accuse them as they make a living from this discovery. But that is the main reason i am now on the net. I believe that there is not actually a real secret. What someone has done, someone else can do it better. The difficult thing (that could be characterized as a secret) is to thing of a problem rather than finding the solution.
Anyway i will consider averaging the 3 LSBs. Now that i think of it again, i think you are right. Although with this cheap caliper such an accuracy would be pointless, it has to be done for the sake of the experiment. I am planning to make a PC interface or a remote LCD display.
At 13 February 2010, 0:31:14 user Philip Freidin wrote: [reply @ Philip Freidin]Hi Kammenos,
Notation I will use: For a 24 bit number, the least significant bit
(LSB) is 2^0 , and the most significant bit (MSB) is 2^23
For point 1: I agree that the 3 LSBs are noisy, but they do have value.
For example, if the three LSBs (2^2, 2^1, 2^0) are toggling between
111 and 000, then the 2^3 bit is also changing as a by-product of the
noise in the 3 LSBs. Noisy data can be improved by the square root of the number of samples that are averaged. (from DSP theory, for random noise)
For example, if you average 4 measurements (add four 24 bit numbers, and then divide by 4 (down shift by 2) the new number will be twice
as accurate as before. In this case the 2^2 bit (of the average)
will be less noisy than the separate measurements. This is just
normal DSP type signal processing, not specific to your caliper data.
The reason the 3 LSBs are noisy, is that the measurement process is
noisy.
For point 2: By weight of bit, I am referring to how you interpret the binary data. For example, the binary number 1100 has bit weights of 8, 4, 2, 1, giving a decimal value of 12. For the data from the caliper, the LSB has a weight of 1/20480 inches, the next bit is 1/10240 inches, etc for each bit being a weight of double the bit to the right. Just normal binary interpretation, with a conversion factor to a physical quantity (distance).
I just collected some data from one of my Chinese calipers. I have seen several different data formats beyond the two you have seen. My current caliper outputs 2 x 24 bits, absolute then relative, at 76 KHz. Crazy stuff is the relative data (second set of 24 bits) are all inverted.
Here is the data, with the caliper reading 6.0000 inches
Data sampled on clock falling edge.
Data is received LSB first: 000111111111100001111111
Re-arrange as MSB on left: 111111100001111111111000
Invert all bits: 000000011110000000000111
Show as HEX: 0 1 E 0 0 7
Convert to decimal: 122887
Divide by 20480: 6.00034 inches
Caliper only shows 0 or 5 in 4th decimal place, so this dislays
on caliper as 6.0000
Here is some confirming info:
http://www.shumatech.com/support/chinese_scales.htm
And here's something I wrote 5 years ago:
http://www.fliptronics.com/tip0006.html
At 12 February 2010, 22:33:41 user Kammenos wrote: [reply @ Kammenos]Hello Philip,
For point 1: I am not quite sure if these bits really mean something. The resulting number is accurate (except this 1.006 thing) w/o reading these bits.
For point 2: What do you mean by "weight of bits"? And also, for example i measured 100mm (3.937 inch) and got the result from the port 100.6mm (3.961 inch). How did you came to this 1/20480?
At 12 February 2010, 22:06:58 user Philip Freidin wrote: [reply @ Philip Freidin]Nice article. With regard to the accuracy issue in the last section,
you may want to try the following:
1) Don't throw away the LSBs, instead average the readings to reduce
the noisyness.
2) Your article didn't indicate how you are interpreting the weight
of the bits. I believe the units are 1/20480 of an inch.
i.e. when the caliper is measuring 2 inches, the transmitted value
is 40960. Maybe this accounts for the error you are seeing. |
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